老師在上課前需要有教案課件,只要課前把教案課件寫好就可以。教案編寫是以科學(xué)方法掩蓋教育教學(xué)質(zhì)量的重要保障。我們?yōu)槟鷾?zhǔn)備了以下關(guān)于“高中英語寫作教案”的內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)相信本文中的思考和想法都會(huì)給您帶來值得的收獲!
高中英語寫作課教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)及反思范文
作為一位杰出的老師,通常需要用到教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)來輔助教學(xué),教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)是把教學(xué)原理轉(zhuǎn)化為教學(xué)材料和教學(xué)活動(dòng)的計(jì)劃。教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)該怎么寫呢?以下是小編整理的高中英語寫作課教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)及反思范文,僅供參考,大家一起來看看吧。
一. 學(xué)情分析
英語聽說讀寫四項(xiàng)技能中,寫作是相對(duì)較難的.在教學(xué)中,學(xué)生懼怕寫作,教師覺得寫作教學(xué)難,批改學(xué)生作文也難,因此一般對(duì)閱讀理解較為重視,而對(duì)寫作的重要性認(rèn)識(shí)不足,忽視對(duì)學(xué)生寫的能力的培養(yǎng),以致有相當(dāng)一部分學(xué)生學(xué)了多年外語后,寫作能力仍然很差.學(xué)生寫作上存在的問題主要表現(xiàn)在用漢語思維方式造句、語法錯(cuò)誤多、謀篇布局與銜接能力弱。
二.Teaching Contents 教學(xué)內(nèi)容
正反觀點(diǎn)類作文,以國家教育部要求中小學(xué)生參加冬季長(zhǎng)跑活動(dòng)為題
三.Design of Teaching Objectives 教學(xué)目標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì)
1.Knowledge ability 知識(shí)目標(biāo)
To know the skills of writing.
2.Ability goals能力目標(biāo)
Enable the students to use advanced vocabularies and various sentence patterns.
3.Learning ability goals 情感目標(biāo)
Enable the students to know the importance of doing exercise.
四.Teaching Important Points(教學(xué)重點(diǎn))
1.The skills of a good composition
五.Teaching Difficult Points(教學(xué)難點(diǎn))
1.The practice of different sentence patterns
六.Teaching Methods(教學(xué)方法)
1.Task-based method(任務(wù)型教學(xué)法)
七.Teaching Aids:(教學(xué)輔助手段)
1.A blackboard
2.A projector and a computer for multimedia
八.Teaching procedures (教學(xué)過程)
Step I Greeting and leading in (3 minutes)
T: What makes a good composition?
(Let students think about these questions and show their ideas.)
Step II Pre-Writing (10 minutes)
T: 1.Show students a picture about fish to make them know the three parts of a good composition.
T: 2.ask them a question again, what makes a good paragraph. And then do some exercise of writing skills.
Step III. While-Writing (20 minutes)
最近,國家教育部要求中小學(xué)生參加冬季長(zhǎng)跑活動(dòng):建議小學(xué)生每天跑1000米,初中生1500米,高中生2000米。對(duì)此,有些人表示支持,有些人表示反對(duì)。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下材料,寫一篇以“Should we give more attention to students’ health or grades?”為題的短文,談?wù)勀愕目捶ā?/p>
注意:1.詞數(shù)150左右。
2.對(duì)所給要點(diǎn),逐一陳述,設(shè)當(dāng)發(fā)揮,不要簡(jiǎn)單翻譯。
Step V Group work (3 minutes)
給學(xué)生一張?jiān)u分表,讓同學(xué)們互換作文,嚴(yán)格按照評(píng)分表上的給分點(diǎn)進(jìn)行互評(píng)。 Let’s improve it:
Step Ⅵ Conclusion and Homwork(1 minutes)總結(jié)和布置作業(yè) (1分鐘)
Make a brief summary about How to Write a Good Composition and assign the homework.
教學(xué)反思:
1、本節(jié)課主要采用過程教學(xué)法訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的寫作。過程教學(xué)法的理論基礎(chǔ)是交際理論,認(rèn)為寫作的過程實(shí)質(zhì)上是一種群體間的交際活動(dòng),而不是寫作者的個(gè)人行為。它包括寫前階段,寫作階段和寫后修改編輯階段。在此過程中,教師是教練,及時(shí)給予學(xué)生指導(dǎo),更正其錯(cuò)誤,幫助學(xué)生完成寫作各階段任務(wù)。課堂是寫作車間,學(xué)生與教師,學(xué)生與學(xué)生彼此交流,提出反饋或修改意見,學(xué)生不斷進(jìn)行
寫作,修改和再寫作。在應(yīng)用過程教學(xué)法對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行寫作訓(xùn)練時(shí),學(xué)生從沒有想法到有想法,從不會(huì)構(gòu)思到會(huì)構(gòu)思,從不會(huì)修改到會(huì)修改,這一過程有利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的寫作能力和自主學(xué)習(xí)能力。學(xué)生由于能得到教師的及時(shí)幫助和指導(dǎo),所以,即使是英語基礎(chǔ)薄弱的同學(xué),也能在這樣的環(huán)境下,寫出較好的作文來,從而提高了學(xué)生寫作興趣,增強(qiáng)了寫作的自信心。
2、在回顧課堂上學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)時(shí),我發(fā)現(xiàn),學(xué)生并未像以往一樣表現(xiàn)出對(duì)寫作的畏懼情緒;相反,大部分學(xué)生的寫作積極性較高。究其原因,有兩方面:一是寫作前我已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了大量的語言輸入,有效的寫作指導(dǎo),學(xué)生熟悉了必要的.語言表達(dá)形式和語篇結(jié)構(gòu);二是寫作的內(nèi)容和形式都較貼近學(xué)生的實(shí)際生活,貼近真實(shí)的交際行為,難度較小。
3、在合作學(xué)習(xí)中促進(jìn)學(xué)生寫作能力的發(fā)展。劉道義曾指出“寫作不能僅僅理解成個(gè)人行為,因此在教學(xué)中不宜總是采取學(xué)生單獨(dú)寫出作文來讓教師批改的模式,而應(yīng)該提倡學(xué)生開展兩人或數(shù)人小組活動(dòng),通過討論合作完成寫作”。合作學(xué)習(xí)是一種非常有效的學(xué)習(xí)策略,在小組合作完成寫作任務(wù)的過程中,學(xué)生能夠充分發(fā)揮各自的優(yōu)勢(shì)和主動(dòng)性,實(shí)現(xiàn)彼此間的互動(dòng),創(chuàng)造性思維也得到了充分的展現(xiàn)。在我執(zhí)教的另一班級(jí),由于在課堂上沒有小組合作設(shè)計(jì)廣告和小組的互評(píng)環(huán)節(jié),而是讓學(xué)生獨(dú)自完成,學(xué)生交上來的作品中錯(cuò)誤明顯較多,沒有創(chuàng)意,質(zhì)量不高。
4、傳統(tǒng)的英語寫作評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)過多地注重學(xué)生語言的準(zhǔn)確性,而忽視了文章的整體性和流暢性。因此教師對(duì)學(xué)生寫作的評(píng)價(jià)應(yīng)該擴(kuò)大視野,從不同角度去評(píng)價(jià)學(xué)生的寫作成果。我在課堂上設(shè)置一個(gè)寫作報(bào)告評(píng)價(jià)量表,簡(jiǎn)單易操作,通過小組互評(píng)的形式,學(xué)生之間互相借鑒,取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短,教師給予必要的指導(dǎo)。學(xué)生在聽取其他同學(xué)和教師的意見后進(jìn)行修改,使其寫作水平得到進(jìn)一步提高。
5、注意體現(xiàn)新課程改革的精神。在時(shí)間安排充足的情況下,教師應(yīng)從學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣、生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和認(rèn)知水平出發(fā),創(chuàng)設(shè)生動(dòng)和逼真的情景,在輕松、民主的教學(xué)氛圍中,鼓勵(lì)和倡導(dǎo)學(xué)生積極參與、主動(dòng)思維、大膽實(shí)踐。教師的科學(xué)引導(dǎo)是前提,學(xué)生的有效參與是關(guān)鍵。只有在師生高效合作下,寫作課才能真正達(dá)到效果。
1、簡(jiǎn)要分析故事中人物的性格特點(diǎn),弄清楚狐貍是怎樣騙取烏鴉嘴里的`肉的,烏鴉為什么會(huì)上當(dāng)。
(板書:狐貍狡猾
烏鴉愛聽奉承的話)
2、出示練習(xí)提供的材料,指名學(xué)生讀。
(自從被狐貍騙走了到嘴的一塊肉,烏鴉一直很后悔。有一天,烏鴉又得到一塊肉。當(dāng)它在一棵大樹上歇腳的時(shí)候,碰巧又被出來尋找食物的狐貍看見了。)
3、學(xué)生自由讀材料,思考:烏鴉一直很后悔,它會(huì)想些什么呢?假設(shè)你就是那只烏鴉,你會(huì)怎么想對(duì)待狐貍呢?
4、學(xué)生交流討論以上的問題,教師行間指導(dǎo)。
5、集流:你認(rèn)為故事的結(jié)尾會(huì)是這樣的?指名學(xué)生回答,并給予適當(dāng)?shù)闹笇?dǎo),最后討論故事的結(jié)局有幾種情況:
(1)烏鴉再次被騙了;
(2)烏鴉沒有被騙到,狐貍只好灰溜溜地走了;
(3)烏鴉想出好的方法懲治了狡猾的狐貍。
6、指導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)材料及畫面展開合理的想象:在我們的故事中,烏鴉始終不能張開嘴,如果張開了嘴,它的肉就沒有了;如果沒有被騙的話,也要想出合理的方法,畢竟狐貍很狡猾;若是狐貍懲治了狐貍的話,也要想出合理的方法,因?yàn)闉貘f沒有狐貍大。
7、指導(dǎo)學(xué)生分小組討論,每小組分成三個(gè)部分討論、交流。
8、交流討論情況。教師和學(xué)生一起點(diǎn)撥。
9、學(xué)生將想到的內(nèi)容內(nèi)容連起來說一說。
(1)給學(xué)生充分的時(shí)間自由練說
(2)同桌互相交流討論,指出對(duì)方的不合理之處。(教師巡回指導(dǎo))
高中英語寫作課教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)范文
教學(xué)目的:教會(huì)學(xué)生用英語準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)表格中涉及的要點(diǎn)。
教學(xué)重點(diǎn):引導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)表格中的中文要點(diǎn),由詞成句,由句成文。最后適當(dāng)使用連接詞,組句成篇,實(shí)現(xiàn)用詞準(zhǔn)確,行文流暢。
教學(xué)輔助手段:電腦(或?qū)嵨锿队皟x)
教學(xué)方法:討論法
教學(xué)步驟:
一、介紹書面表達(dá)六步法(Introduction)
1.仔細(xì)審題,確立主題,明確要求。
2.圍繞主題,提煉要點(diǎn),編擬提綱。
3.分析要點(diǎn)及提綱,提煉關(guān)鍵單詞和短語。
4.恰當(dāng)使用句型,連詞成句。
5.恰當(dāng)使用連接詞,組句成篇。
6.規(guī)范謄寫
二、呈現(xiàn)學(xué)生得分情況(Presentation)
反映出學(xué)生得分差距,引起學(xué)生共鳴:希望在作文上獲得提高。
三、討論(Discussion)
1.寫作人稱為第三人稱和第一人稱,詞數(shù)150詞左右,時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
2.明確要點(diǎn),確定核心詞、詞組、句型。
(要點(diǎn)“你的看法”:鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生暢所欲言,激起課堂高潮。)
四、呈現(xiàn)(Presentation)
1.高考英語寫作關(guān)鍵:A.學(xué)會(huì)使用較高級(jí)詞匯。B.學(xué)會(huì)使用較豐富的句式。C.學(xué)會(huì)使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞。
2.呈現(xiàn)學(xué)生作文中出現(xiàn)的'典型句子。要求學(xué)生用高級(jí)詞匯、高級(jí)句型進(jìn)行改寫,加以完善。
3.展示挖空后的范文,要求學(xué)生填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞,并指出范文中的精彩之處。
五、反饋(Feedback)
1.學(xué)生修改作文,互查互改錯(cuò)誤。
2.教師總結(jié)。首先,針對(duì)文中學(xué)生未找出或改對(duì)的錯(cuò)誤,幫助學(xué)生一起改正。其次,對(duì)文中的錯(cuò)誤之處進(jìn)行分類(如:名詞復(fù)數(shù)、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、介詞等),引起學(xué)生的重視。
六、提高書面表達(dá)建議:(Suggestions)
1.準(zhǔn)確記憶單詞。
2.掌握足夠的語言知識(shí)點(diǎn),如構(gòu)詞法,語法知識(shí)等。
3.經(jīng)常進(jìn)行寫作練習(xí)。
4.適當(dāng)背誦作文參考答案。
5.大量閱讀。
七、作業(yè)(Assignment)
發(fā)給學(xué)生另一篇體裁相似的書面表達(dá)材料,要求學(xué)生根據(jù)本課所學(xué)思路獨(dú)力完成。
高中英語寫作教學(xué)中需注意的幾個(gè)問題_英語教學(xué)論文????? 一、注重寫作教學(xué)的基本訓(xùn)練階段? ?? 英語屬于結(jié)構(gòu)語言,它有自己的基本句型、固定搭配、固定短語等,這些都是不可變的,要想在寫作中用上它們,用好它們,必須加強(qiáng)這方面的基本訓(xùn)練。首先,加強(qiáng)五種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)教學(xué)。幾乎所有的英語句型都是五種句型的擴(kuò)大、延伸或變化,因此訓(xùn)練學(xué)生“寫”就要抓住五種基本句型的訓(xùn)練,讓他們把這五種基本句型記牢,不斷運(yùn)用。五種基本句型是:? (1)S+V;? (2)S+V+O;? (3)S+V+O+O;? (4)S+V+P;? (5)S+V+O+C。? ?? 五種基本句型雖然能表達(dá)一定的意思,但無法比較自由地表達(dá)思想,因此還必須對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行擴(kuò)句訓(xùn)練,在課堂上充分發(fā)揮學(xué)生的想象力,進(jìn)行擴(kuò)句練習(xí)。其次,加強(qiáng)句型教學(xué),要對(duì)一些句子進(jìn)行分析,增強(qiáng)他們利用各種句子進(jìn)行一意多種表達(dá)的訓(xùn)練。再次,充分利用新教材中“鞏固語言的練習(xí),”對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行基本語感的訓(xùn)練。? 二、注重寫作訓(xùn)練的多樣化? ?? 聽、說、讀、寫四種技能是相互依賴的,說的能力有賴于聽的能力,進(jìn)而有助于寫作。聽是理解和吸收口頭信息的手段。聽和讀是輸入,只有達(dá)到足夠的輸入量,才能保證學(xué)生具有較好的說和寫的輸出能力。因此,在日常的教學(xué)中要注重寫作訓(xùn)練的多樣化。? ?? 首先,在Dialoguo的教學(xué)中,除了聽錄音、對(duì)話、表演和編寫相似的對(duì)話外,還要求學(xué)生把對(duì)話改寫成一段短文,這樣就要求學(xué)生在變成短文的過程中,注意時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱和前后的邏輯關(guān)系,從而為寫作打下基礎(chǔ)。? 其次,在Reading教學(xué)中,回答問題時(shí)要求學(xué)生必須用自己的語言,且人稱、時(shí)態(tài)要做相應(yīng)的變化,這樣既能搞懂本意,又能用同義句表達(dá),提高了表達(dá)能力。還讓學(xué)生用課文中的詞組進(jìn)行復(fù)述,學(xué)生復(fù)述課文不是件容易的事,既要把握課文中的重點(diǎn),邏輯關(guān)系,又要用自己的語言把主要內(nèi)容表達(dá)出來。這樣既鍛煉了他們組織篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、句子與句子之間邏輯關(guān)系的能力,又提高了語言的精煉度,使自己的寫作能力有了很快的提高。?? ?? 再次,在“Listening”教學(xué)中,除了讓學(xué)生聽懂做完聽力練習(xí)之外,還讓他們把練習(xí)作為guide進(jìn)行復(fù)述聽力材料,有時(shí)還讓他們寫在作文本上。? 三、注重寫作訓(xùn)練的規(guī)范化? ?? 高中起始階段的寫作訓(xùn)練,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的寫作模式是非常重要的。我按教師用書上說明的寫作步驟,即:(1)構(gòu)思(討論題目)(2)寫提綱(理順?biāo)枷氲倪壿嬯P(guān)系)(3)起草(打草稿)(4)校訂(檢查錯(cuò)誤,重新安排內(nèi)容)(5)修改(定稿)。對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行寫作模式的訓(xùn)練。這樣看起來比較麻煩,但避免了反復(fù),養(yǎng)成了好的寫作習(xí)慣。再就是書寫和文體格式要規(guī)范。嚴(yán)格要求學(xué)生正確、端正、熟練地書寫字母、單詞和句子,注意大小寫和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),養(yǎng)成良好的書寫習(xí)慣。同時(shí)對(duì)各種文體特點(diǎn)、格式要講清楚,使學(xué)生熟悉規(guī)范的書面表達(dá)形式,用正確的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評(píng)析和規(guī)范自己的書面表達(dá)。? 四、注重教師的指導(dǎo)作用? ?? 教師批改是寫作教學(xué)的有機(jī)組成部分,批改過程中,教師的指導(dǎo)作用就在于肯定學(xué)生的成績(jī),指出錯(cuò)誤,給學(xué)生以恰當(dāng)?shù)脑u(píng)價(jià)。但在批改過程中,如果抓住學(xué)生的錯(cuò)誤不放,有錯(cuò)必糾,改到最后,就變成了教師自己的作品;如果對(duì)錯(cuò)誤視而不見,寫得再多也收效甚微。我根據(jù)教學(xué)實(shí)踐,對(duì)于新教材中的“有指導(dǎo)的寫”的寫作訓(xùn)練,是規(guī)定學(xué)生限時(shí)寫完,同桌、前后桌互相批改,重新行文,再上交。這樣批改起來就非常輕松,而且典型錯(cuò)誤,很容易找出,有利于講評(píng)。對(duì)于新教材中的“自由寫作”訓(xùn)練,我指導(dǎo)學(xué)生弄清主題,抓住要點(diǎn),組詞造句,安排好順序,過渡到段落形成短文,多用熟悉的單詞和句型,多用五種基本型表達(dá)。然后讓學(xué)生共同研究,互相評(píng)論寫好的草稿,以便最后寫出修改的稿子來,這就有助于減輕教師修改作業(yè)的負(fù)擔(dān),也有利于學(xué)生寫作的提高。?
高中英語詞匯加寫作課件,一起來看看吧。
怎樣才能提高寫作能力?
要想用英語把文章寫好,首先需要打下牢固的語言基礎(chǔ),即相當(dāng)程度的語言造詣、良好的語言修養(yǎng)和敏銳的語言感知能力。寫作者必須懂得寫作的具體步驟,了解寫作的性質(zhì),掌握寫作的技巧。更為重要的是,中國學(xué)生還必須解決用英語思維的問題。不懂得英美人思維方式的人,無論語言功底有多深,是寫不出地道的英語文章的。
英語語言的功底指對(duì)這門語言中各種語言知識(shí)的掌握和運(yùn)用能力,其中包括用詞的準(zhǔn)確和精煉、修辭手段的自如運(yùn)用、時(shí)態(tài)的準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用以及語法和句法結(jié)構(gòu)的熟練掌握等。寫作中常出現(xiàn)的問題是用詞欠準(zhǔn)確,這主要是由于對(duì)詞意和詞在不同的語境中所產(chǎn)生的不同語意把握不好所致,而詞匯量的貧乏也無疑是造成用詞欠妥的一個(gè)重要因素。當(dāng)然,掌握了一定詞匯量而不懂得修辭知識(shí)的人仍不可能把文章寫好。
除了語言功底,寫作者還必須清楚寫作的具體任務(wù)、寫作的特殊性以及寫作所需要的各種技巧。寫作是一種綜合的智力活動(dòng),其作品是以思想為基礎(chǔ),以語言為工具而創(chuàng)造出來的藝術(shù)品。寫作不僅需要豐富的想象力,還需要嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)恼Z言邏輯和獨(dú)特的思想。否則,文章決不可能成為語言的佳作。
中國人用英語寫作還面臨一個(gè)思維方式的轉(zhuǎn)變問題。不熟悉英語語言思維方式的人,無論有何等"高超"的寫作技巧,都不可能創(chuàng)造出優(yōu)美地道的英文作品。尤其是有很多學(xué)生在用英語寫文章之前總習(xí)慣先用中文列出提綱,然后按照列出的中文提綱從事英語的寫作。以這種方式寫出的文章是可想而知的。
總之,思維方式的轉(zhuǎn)變、對(duì)寫作性質(zhì)的深入了解、樹立英語寫作的正確意識(shí)是創(chuàng)造成功的英文作品的前提。如果您已經(jīng)下決心提高自己的寫作能力,請(qǐng)閱讀以下文章:
英語寫作要訣
Agreement: 主語和謂語在人稱、數(shù)上的一致,關(guān)系代詞與先行詞的一致。
Ambiguity: 盡量不去使用可能引起歧義的詞語或句子。
Brief: 文章"簡(jiǎn)為貴",要抓住要點(diǎn),簡(jiǎn)明扼要。
Coherence: 文理通順,前后連貫。
Development: 主題的發(fā)揮應(yīng)當(dāng)充分、合理、正確。
Division: 詞匯、句子、段落要分配使用得當(dāng),劃分要清楚,避免使用重復(fù)字句和種子片段。
Figures: 正確合理使用各類修辭格式。
Inflated diction: 不使用做作的語言。
Key: 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)鍵詞突出主題,每段都應(yīng)有主題句。
Logical: 內(nèi)容要符合邏輯。
Message: 信息要新鮮、確實(shí)、可信。
Omit: 合理刪除多余的不必要部分。
Proposition: 主張、觀點(diǎn)、論述要清楚肯切、合情入理。
Punctuation: 正確適時(shí)使用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。
Relevant: 文章一定要切題。
Sentence pattern: 句型要盡量多樣化。
Strait: 開門見山,直來直去。
Style: 文體恰切,適合內(nèi)容要求。
Tense: 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要正確、一致、變化合理。
Theme: 選題得當(dāng),主題突出。
英語作文的文章的開頭
一篇文章通??煞譃槿齻€(gè)部分,即開頭、正文和結(jié)尾。這三個(gè)部分安排是否得體,直接影響到文章的質(zhì)量。
文章的開頭一般來說應(yīng)盡量做到開門見山,用簡(jiǎn)單明白的敘述引出文章的話題,使讀者了解文章要談?wù)撌裁?,一下于引起讀者的興趣。
作文常見的開頭形式大致有以下幾種:
1.開門見山,揭示主題
文章一開頭,,就交待清楚文章的主題是什么。如“How I Spent My Vacation”(我怎樣度假)的開頭是:
I Spent my last vacation happily.
下面是題為"Honesty"(談?wù)\實(shí))一文中的開頭:
Honesty is one of the best virtues.An honest man is always trusted and respected.On the contrary, one who tells lies is regarded as a "liar",and is looked upon by honest people.
事情、時(shí)間或環(huán)境開頭
在文章的開頭,先把人物、事件和環(huán)境交待清楚。例如"A Trip to Jinshan" (去金山旅游)的開頭:
The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan. The bus ride there took three hours. The long trip made us very tired, but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us.
3. 回憶性的開頭
用回憶的方法來開頭。例如"A Trip to the Taishan Mountain"(泰山游)的開頭是:
I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday.
4.概括性的開頭
即對(duì)要在文章中敘述的人或事先作一個(gè)概括性的介紹。如“The Happiness of Reading Books”(讀書的快樂)的開頭:
People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power.
5.介紹環(huán)境式的開頭
即開頭利用自然景物或自然環(huán)境引出要介紹的事物。如“An Accident”(一場(chǎng)事故)的開頭是:
It was a rainy and windy morning. The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low, and the street was nearly empty. I was on my way back to school. Suddenly, a speeding car came round the corner.
6.交待寫作目的的開頭。
在文章的一開頭就交待寫作目的,如通過文章要表揚(yáng)誰,批評(píng)誰,或說明一個(gè)什么問題等。如 "Pollution Control" (控制污染)的開頭:
In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control.
英語作文的文章的結(jié)尾
文章結(jié)尾的作用是概括全文內(nèi)容,進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)或肯定文章的中心思想,使文章意義表達(dá)得更加深刻。
文章結(jié)尾的形式也是多種多樣的`,常見的有以下幾種:
1.首尾呼應(yīng),畫龍點(diǎn)睛
在文章的結(jié)尾,把含義較深的話放在末尾,以點(diǎn)明主題,深化主題,起到畫龍點(diǎn)睛的效果。如"I Cannot Forget Her" (我忘不了她)的結(jié)尾:
After her death, I felt as if something were missing in my life. I was sad over her passing away, but I knew she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the people.
2.重復(fù)主題句
結(jié)尾回到文章開頭闡明的中心思想或主題句上,達(dá)到強(qiáng)調(diào)的效果。如“I Love My Home Town”(我愛家鄉(xiāng))的結(jié)尾:
I love my home town, and I love its people. They too have changed. They are going all out to do more for the good of our motherland.
3. 自然結(jié)尾
隨著文章的結(jié)束,文章自然而然地結(jié)尾。如“Fishing”(釣魚)的結(jié)尾:
I caught as many as twenty fish in two hours, but my brother caught many more. Tired from fishing, we lay down on the river bank, bathing in the sun. We returned home very late.
4.含蓄性的結(jié)尾
用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接點(diǎn)明作者的看法,而是讓讀者自己去領(lǐng)會(huì)和思考。如“A Day of Harvesting”(收割的日子)的結(jié)尾:
Evening came before we realized it. We put down our sickles and looked at each other. Our clothes were wet with sweat, but on every face there was a smile.
5.用反問結(jié)尾
雖然形式是問句,但意義卻是肯定的,并具有特別的強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,引起讀者深思。如 "Should We Learn to Do Housework?" (我們要不要學(xué)做家務(wù)?) 的結(jié)尾。
Everyone should learn to do housework. Don't you agree, boys and girls?
6.指明方向,激勵(lì)讀者
結(jié)尾表示對(duì)將來的展望,或期待讀者投入行動(dòng)。如“Let's Go in for Sports”(讓我們參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng))的結(jié)尾:
As we have said above, sports can be of great value. They not only make people live happily but also help people to learn virtues and do their work bettter. A sound mind is in a sound body. Let's go in for sports.
文章的結(jié)尾沒有一定的模式,可以根據(jù)表達(dá)主題的需要靈活創(chuàng)造。一般的習(xí)慣是,一些記敘文和描寫文經(jīng)常采用自然結(jié)尾的方法;但說理性和邏輯性較強(qiáng)的說明文和議論文則往往都有結(jié)束語,以便使文章首尾呼應(yīng),結(jié)構(gòu)完整
英文寫作中詞語的選擇
1.詞語選擇的重要性
在The Right Word at the Right Time的“序言”中,編者對(duì)詞語選用的重要性作了一個(gè)很好的比喻:“Using the right word at the right time is rather like wearing appropriate clothing for the occasion:
it is a courtesy to others,and a favor to yourself-a matter of presenting yourself well in the eyes of the world."
顯然,說話或?qū)懳恼聲r(shí)用詞適當(dāng)比穿著適當(dāng)難度大得多,因而也具有更大的重要性。在我國,古人寫文章時(shí)常為一個(gè)詞語的選用具思苦想,因而有“語不驚人死不休”的說法。
成語“一字值千金”也說明了選擇詞語的極端重要性。有時(shí)“一字之差”造成令人遺憾的敗筆,或招致成千上萬的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。這些反面的教訓(xùn)也告訴我們必須重視詞語選用的問題。
2.詞語選擇的可能性
實(shí)際上,我們每個(gè)人的腦子里都有了一個(gè)或大或小的詞庫,只要我們肯去發(fā)掘,往往可以得到更好的表達(dá)方式。這是我們做好詞語選用的主觀條件。
從客觀條件廣看,我們有各種類型的詞典和參考書,只要我們平時(shí)多翻譯、多閱讀,寫作時(shí)勤查考,就會(huì)在詞語選用上不斷進(jìn)步。當(dāng)然,一部好詞典也不會(huì)毫無缺點(diǎn),更難以面面俱到,因此在這里我們應(yīng)牢牢記住著名英國作家、評(píng)論家和辭書編纂家Johson的話:
Dictionaries are like watches: the worst is better than none, and the best cannot be expected to go quite true.
3.詞語選擇的三項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
關(guān)于擇語標(biāo)準(zhǔn),人們說法不一,但準(zhǔn)確、鮮明、生動(dòng)三項(xiàng)原則是公認(rèn)的。當(dāng)然,某詞語用得是否符合要求,不可孤立地從詞語本身的含義上著眼,還要看其具體使用場(chǎng)合,包括同其他詞語搭配等。
1)擇語的準(zhǔn)確性
準(zhǔn)確性,就是要根據(jù)使用場(chǎng)合選用確切的語言形式,正如有句英語俗語所言:
Do not write so that your words may be undetstood, but write so that your words must be understood.
著名美國作家馬克吐溫說:“用詞準(zhǔn)確與用詞幾乎準(zhǔn)確,這兩者之間的差異就如閃電與螢火蟲之間的差異。”(The difference between the right word and the almost-right word is as great as that between lighting and the lighting bug.)
為了擇語準(zhǔn)確,必須熟悉詞語的多義性。例如depression對(duì)心理學(xué)家、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家或地質(zhì)學(xué)家來說,含義各不相同:
He is in a state of deep depression as a result of his setback latest experiment.
The depression first hit almost all the small and medium-sized enterprises.
Transportation was at a standstill caused by the depressions in the highways after the earthquake in that area.
反之,也常常有幾個(gè)詞語可以表示類似的含義,如心理學(xué)上的“depression”也能用melancholia,the blues,the dismal in the dumps,low等詞語表示。
要做到準(zhǔn)確選擇,有必要注意詞語的兩種意義:“基本意義”(denotation)和"引申意義"(connotation)。前者指該詞語的本身,或客觀的固有含義,后者指該詞語在一定搭配或上下句中出現(xiàn)的其他意義,往往比較含蓄,帶有詞語使用者的主觀態(tài)度或感情色彩。如inexpensive和cheap都表示便宜的基本意思,如顧客問營業(yè)員:“May I have some thing cheaper?”意思是希望要價(jià)錢便宜一點(diǎn)的,當(dāng)然并不是說質(zhì)量可以不好,但cheap在其他句式或使用場(chǎng)合可引出“低劣”、“平庸”、“吝嗇”、“卑鄙”等多種意思,這類意思正是修辭上的“敏感地帶”。
選用詞語的準(zhǔn)確性還表現(xiàn)在區(qū)分表示大體/抽象含義的詞語和表示具體/特定含義的詞語上,需要根據(jù)不同的使用場(chǎng)合做出正確的選擇。抽象含義詞語和具體含義詞語不是兩個(gè)對(duì)立的家族,在一定的條件下可以轉(zhuǎn)化,如
labor一詞通常帶抽象含義,但并非一成不變。試比較:
A)Honest labor creates wealth for the society.
B)In the GM contract dispute, labor seeks a five-cent per hour wage increase.
上述A句中l(wèi)abor一詞為抽象含義,泛指各種社會(huì)勞動(dòng),B句中l(wèi)abor為具體含義,特指WAW,即美國汽車、飛機(jī)、農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械工人聯(lián)合會(huì)。
2)擇語的鮮明度
準(zhǔn)確性是鮮明度的前提,也是提高鮮明度的基礎(chǔ)。然而,鮮明與簡(jiǎn)練相關(guān)。英國文豪莎士比亞的名言“Brevity is the soul of wit”相當(dāng)于漢語的“言貴簡(jiǎn)潔”。我們說話、寫文章都要以“言簡(jiǎn)意賅”四字為目標(biāo),為此,應(yīng)從兩個(gè)方面加以注意:
A.在可以運(yùn)用較簡(jiǎn)短的常見詞語表達(dá)意思時(shí)不要用復(fù)雜而少的詞語,如:do something for(不用perform,
accomplish),用end/finish a letter (不用terminate,conclude)。
B.多余的或轉(zhuǎn)彎抹角的詞語都不利于明白地表達(dá)思想,因而下列短語中加括號(hào)的部分都應(yīng)省去:
mutual aid(to each other)(mutual)aid to each other,(an entirely)complete confidence,repeat the question(again),return(back) from abroad,etc.
3)擇語的生動(dòng)感
生動(dòng)感也可以叫做優(yōu)美感(gracefulness),它是建筑在準(zhǔn)確性和鮮明度的基礎(chǔ)上的,否則,單純追求生動(dòng)或優(yōu)雅,就會(huì)出現(xiàn)辭藻華麗(flowery)
記敘文指導(dǎo)
記敘文是以寫人、記事、狀物為主要內(nèi)容,以敘述和描寫為表達(dá)方式的文章。
以寫人為主的記敘文,應(yīng)該注意肖像描寫、行動(dòng)描寫、語言描寫、心理描寫以及對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的描寫,考生應(yīng)根據(jù)寫作的要求,靈活掌握,突出重點(diǎn)。
以寫事為主的記敘文,應(yīng)該注意交待六要素(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因、結(jié)果),應(yīng)該注意描寫先后順序以及記事的相對(duì)完整,注意把握好事情的開始、發(fā)展、高潮及結(jié)局。
以與景為主的記敘文,應(yīng)該注意景物的主要特征,景物描寫的層次,以及人與物的情感交融。
記敘文寫作要點(diǎn)如下:
1. 明確寫作目的和敘述的中心思想,段落敘述始終圍繞著主題而展開,避免空間的敘述和與主題無關(guān)的內(nèi)容。
2. 一篇好敘述文需要直接或間接表達(dá)以下六個(gè)問題,即:when?該事發(fā)生的時(shí)間, where?該事發(fā)生的地點(diǎn),who?人物角色是誰,what?發(fā)生的是什么事,why?該事發(fā)生的原因,以及how?事件的結(jié)果是如何造成的等等。
3. 一篇記敘文,無論長(zhǎng)短如何都應(yīng)該是一個(gè)完全獨(dú)立的事實(shí),因此,在下筆時(shí)必須明確:該從何處開始敘述,該在何處結(jié)束敘述,以及應(yīng)該提供何種事實(shí)才能使敘述完整。
“倒敘”和“穿插敘述”的方法,但初學(xué)者最好采用“順敘”的方法進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練,以情節(jié)發(fā)生時(shí)間的先后為序。
記敘文范文欣賞
記敘是一種表現(xiàn)人物活動(dòng),經(jīng)歷或事物的發(fā)生,發(fā)展,變化過程的寫作方法。它可以是講述自己的經(jīng)歷,也可以解釋一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。記敘以描寫事件為主,其中“五個(gè)W”是敘述的要點(diǎn)。記敘一般以時(shí)間為順序。記敘文不同于其他文體,它可以沒有主題句,結(jié)論句,所敘道理隱含于故事之中。如:
It was a cold day in winter. An ant was bringing out some grains of corn he had gathered in summer to dry them. A grasshopper, who was very hunger, saw the ant and begged him for some corn, saying that he was dying of hunger. The ant looked at the grasshopper and asked him what he had done in summer and why he hadn’t stored up some grains of corn. The grasshopper told the ant that he had been very busy in summer and he hadn’t stored any corn. The ant asked him once more what he had done in summer. The grasshopper replied that he had sung all summer. The ant angrily said to him that he could dance all winter as he had sung all summer.
該段文章通過故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展使讀者自然地讀出“不勞無獲”的結(jié)論。但是記敘性段落同樣也可有主題句,擴(kuò)展句和結(jié)論句的支持,練習(xí)寫作時(shí)應(yīng)予以注意。
1. 記敘文的基本要求
1)主題要明確,內(nèi)容要充實(shí)。文章中的故事要有頭有尾,要有高潮,要把何人,何事,何時(shí),何地,何因幾方面交代清楚,避免空泛,籠統(tǒng)的話。通過對(duì)人物,事物和景物的描寫,表現(xiàn)出故事的主題和作者的思想感情。
2)層次分明,有條有理。繼續(xù)時(shí)除了有開頭語及高潮性的結(jié)尾外,還要注意描寫的層次要清楚,挑選一些典型事例或細(xì)節(jié)加以理安排,用最簡(jiǎn)單易行的方法,按時(shí)間的先后順序進(jìn)行描寫。
3)記敘應(yīng)以時(shí)間為線索,注意時(shí)間關(guān)聯(lián)詞的使用。
I usually get up early in the morning. Then, I go to the lavatory to brush my teeth and my face. After that, I go to the sports ground to have some exercise. Lunch is at 12:00. After lunch, I take a nap. In the afternoon, I go to the library. When evening comes, I watch TV for a while. Then I listen to the English broadcast, or prepare my lessons in the classroom. I usually go to bed when the close strikes 11.
怎樣及時(shí)到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)描寫得很少,盡管它們也是這個(gè)事件的一部分。
Traveling can have its exciting, though frustrating moments. A few years ago I spent a week in America. The week was over, to my surprised, that I had left one of my suitcases at my hotel. Quickly, I jumped into a taxi and explained my situation to the driver. We sped off in the direct of my hotel. Suddenly, the taxi driver slowed down so he could talk with the driver of a truck moving along the road next to us. The truck contained live chicken. Without stopping the taxi, the driver stuck his hand out of the window and took a live chicken, which he neatly stuck under the seat next to him. Meanwhile, I was getting more and more anxious about my suitcase and making my plane on time. Time wasn’t bothering the taxi driver, though. Instead of heading straight for the hotel, he made a detour to drop the chicken off at his home! In the end, however, we managed to get the suitcase and then raced back to the airport. Fortunately, I made it to my plane on time. What started out as a frustrating moment ended up being a permanent memory and a great story.
記敘文高考指引
記敘文是高考書面表達(dá)中比較常用的一種形式。
1)記敘文要寫作者比較了解的人或事物。
結(jié)構(gòu)、層次及所用語言都應(yīng)圍繞主題進(jìn)行。
3)具體詳細(xì)地描述。要使文章有說服力,敘述就必須繁簡(jiǎn)疏密相間。詳細(xì)具體的描寫有助于讀者對(duì)所敘述的人物或事件等有個(gè)深刻的印象。
毫無花樣。這就要求寫作時(shí)長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合,注意銜接詞的運(yùn)用。
通順、簡(jiǎn)潔和準(zhǔn)確。時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用應(yīng)注意上下文的相關(guān)性、連續(xù)性,要與表達(dá)的內(nèi)容一致。
插敘等。
形象,使讀者有身臨其境的感覺,因而加強(qiáng)了故事的真實(shí)感和感染力。其缺點(diǎn)是,描寫的范圍受到限制。一篇文章中,由于角色的變化,人稱也要隨之而變,但應(yīng)注意前后一致性。
記敘文下水試游
1、寫作題目:My First Stay at Home
寫作要求:請(qǐng)根據(jù)下列要求,以My First Stay at Home為題,寫一篇100字左右的文章。
內(nèi)容要點(diǎn):
1、父母出差,自己一個(gè)人在家
2、自己照顧自己
3、難忘有意義的經(jīng)歷
要點(diǎn)提示:
1.memorable experience
2.on business
3.take care of oneself.
思路指津:時(shí)態(tài):描述自己過去的經(jīng)歷自然用一般過去時(shí)
謀篇布局:文章以時(shí)間為線索,描述自己在家的行為
主題:難忘的經(jīng)歷,所以中心應(yīng)該突出如何難忘,如何有意義
參考范文:
My first stay at home alone was memorable. When I was twelve, once both of my mother and father were away on business, and I had been all by myself for two days. My parents left early the first day, and I got up soon after they left. In the first evening I was a little scared, so I turned on all the lights. I actually kept the light on in my bedroom the whole night. For fear of getting up late the next morning, I put three alarm clocks near my bed and set the alarms respectively at 6:00, 6:10, and 6:15. In order to prove that I could take care of myself, I washed my own clothes the second afternoon, though I could wait for Mother to do it. I really felt proud of myself and thought I was a big girl.
說明文寫作指導(dǎo)
說明文是以說明為主要表達(dá)方式,介紹事物的形狀、構(gòu)造、性質(zhì)、變化、類別、狀態(tài)、功能、成因、結(jié)果等特征的文章。它是一種應(yīng)用性很強(qiáng)的文體,說明的目的是讓讀者有所知,給讀者提供知識(shí),使之了解客觀世界,掌握解決問題的方法。說明文的基本特點(diǎn)就是具有知識(shí)性、科學(xué)性、應(yīng)用性、解說性和條理性。常見的說明文有:解說詞、說明書、書文簡(jiǎn)介、內(nèi)容提要、科普小品、生產(chǎn)工藝、操作規(guī)程和景物介紹等,常見說明方法有:定義、注釋、舉例、分類、比較、引用、比喻、描述、數(shù)字分析和綜合等。說明文的時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),語態(tài)常用被動(dòng)語態(tài),有時(shí)用虛擬語氣。對(duì)中學(xué)生而言,說明文的出題形式為文字提示或圖表、圖示,文體則可見于短文、書信、便條、日記等。寫說明文必須注意事實(shí)正確,表達(dá)清晰,條理清楚,層次分明,語言簡(jiǎn)練和用詞準(zhǔn)確。
說明文范文賞析
說明文是對(duì)事情的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、結(jié)果、特征、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、功能等進(jìn)行解釋、介紹、闡述的一種文體。這類文章的目的和性質(zhì)是客觀地介紹、解釋事物,使讀者獲得知識(shí)和信息,并不需要發(fā)表主張、做出證明。一般說來,知識(shí)簡(jiǎn)介,商品介紹,旅游指南,科技讀物,工作總結(jié),實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告,教材輔導(dǎo)等均屬說明文之列。
寫說明文,可以按時(shí)間、空間、結(jié)構(gòu)、邏輯順序來寫,也可以采取舉例、比較、對(duì)比、分類、分析、說明、敘述等方法。
1.比較對(duì)照
比較對(duì)照有兩種,一是逐點(diǎn)比較,二是整塊比較,即AB交錯(cuò)或先A后B:【W(wǎng)wW.djz525.com 勵(lì)志的句子】
1)逐點(diǎn)比較:多數(shù)人認(rèn)為這種AB交錯(cuò)的方式可以避免行文的單調(diào)沉悶,對(duì)比的效果更鮮明突出。如:
There are basic differences between large and small enterprises. In a small enterprise, you operated mainly through personal contacts. In a large enterprise, you have established “policies” , “channels” of organization, and fairly strict procedure. In the small enterprise you have immediate effectiveness in a very small area. You can see the effect of your work and of your decisions ground. In the large organization you are normally taught one thing thoroughly. In the small one the danger is of becoming a Jack-of-all-trades-but-master-of-none. In the large it is of becoming the man who knows more and more about less and less.
2) 整塊比較
It is easy to be a winner. A winner can show his joy publicly. He can laugh and sing and dance and celebrate his victory. People love to be with winners. Winners are never lonely. Unlike winners, losers are the lonely ones of the world. It is difficult to face defeat with dignity. Losers can not show their disappointment publicly. They can not cry or grieve about their defeat. They may suffer privately, but they must be composed in public. They have nothing to celebrate and no one to share their sadness.
2.分類
分類是人類認(rèn)識(shí)客觀世界的重要手段之一,也是描寫事物、解釋觀點(diǎn)最有效的方式之一。通過將一事物分類,可使復(fù)雜事物變得清晰明了,便于作者闡述自己的觀點(diǎn)。
分類段落的各類排列要條理,可采用從主要到次要,從次要到主要,從多到少或從少到多等方式排列,亦可平行排列。如:
1) As far as political views are concerned, people fall into three categories. First are the conservative people. Conservatives are opposed to sudden or great changes. Second are the liberal people.These people are in favor of progress and reform. But their opinions often seem to idealistic. The third type is the moderate people. The moderates keep everything within reasonable limits. They are more practical in this hard world. In my opinion, most people seem to belong to this group.
本段采用平行排列的方式,按人的政治觀點(diǎn)分為三類:保守、自由和溫和。
2) These are several reasons why I decided tom attend Bingston University . First of all, the tuition is reasonable. Secondly, the university has a deferred payment plan., which lessons the load of peasant families like mine. Another reason is that Bingston has the finest teachers in its graduate program. My chief reason, however, is Bingston’s program in agriculture, my chosen field, which is recognized as the leader in this area.
該段采用主次排列的方式,分析了作者決定上Bingston大學(xué)的原因。
3) According to Mr. Li, the fifteen students of his class fall into three groups. Seven of them work hard and study well. They always get good marks in examinations and are often praised by the teachers. Li calls them “good students”. The monitor, the secretary of the Youth League, and the captain of the class volleyball team, are quick in finding out what their fellow students are interested in or what they should do as a collective. They always organize proper activities at the proper time. So Li calls them “good organizers”. Four other students are very kind to their classmates, always ready to lend them a helping hand. They help to clean the classroom and the corridor even when they are not on duty. Li says that they are “ good comrades”. “What about yourself?” someone asks him. “I’m a group by my self --a good observer”.
該段不同于以上兩段,不是先分類再解釋,而是先說明其特點(diǎn),然后定義分類。雖分類并不科學(xué),卻達(dá)到了其幽默之目的。
3.特征
例證指具體說明人或事物特點(diǎn)、本質(zhì)及其規(guī)律的方法。所用例子需有代表性、典型性。例證型段落的寫作方式多為先提出主題再列舉事例。在事例之前一般有For example或For instance。例證后面,根據(jù)情況還可以加上結(jié)論句。如:
In order to prevent non-smokers from being affected, measures must be taken to reduce the chances of smoking. A lot of work can be done concerning this. For example, in some public places, such as in the theatres and cinemas, smoking should be forbidden. Even on the train or plane people should not be allowed to smoke. Doctors, teachers and government leaders should take the lead not to smoke. Above all, the harmfulness and dangers caused by smoking should be made known to all through newspapers, broadcast, or TV programs. Also the growing of tobacco and the production of cigarettes should not be encouraged. If these measures can be taken, we can effectively reduce the chances of smoking.
高中英語寫作課程教案3篇
英語教學(xué)除了知識(shí)點(diǎn)的準(zhǔn)備之外,認(rèn)真考慮設(shè)計(jì)課堂活動(dòng)也是很必要的。每一個(gè)英語老師都應(yīng)該在課后寫一篇英語教案,這對(duì)他們有許多的幫助。你是否在找正準(zhǔn)備撰寫“高中英語寫作課程教案”,下面小編收集了相關(guān)的素材,供大家寫文參考!
高中英語寫作課程教案篇1
教學(xué)目標(biāo)
1. 語言知識(shí)目標(biāo):
1) 能掌握以下單詞: newspaper, use, soup, wash, movie, just
能掌握以下句型:
① —What are you doing? —I'm watching TV.
② —What's he doing? —He's using the computer.
③ —What are they doing? —They're listening to a CD.
④ —This is Jenny. —It's Laura here.
2) 能掌握語法:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的用法。
3) 能運(yùn)用所學(xué)的知識(shí),描述人們正在干的事情。
教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)
1. 教學(xué)重點(diǎn):
1) 詞匯、詞組搭配和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法。能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的各種形式進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的描述和表達(dá)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
2) 能掌握現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)及一些表示具體動(dòng)作的詞組搭配,如: doing homework, using the computer, watching TV, eating dinner… 等
2. 教學(xué)難點(diǎn):
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中現(xiàn)在分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)及讀音,能在交際中準(zhǔn)確地運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)來描述或表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
教學(xué)工具
多媒體
教學(xué)過程
Ⅰ. Warming-up and Lead in
1. Greet the Ss and check the homework.
2. Watch a video program.
Ⅱ. Presentation
1. Show some pictures on the big screen. Present the new words and expressions.
2. Ss watch and learn the new words and expressions.
3. Give Ss some time and try to remember the new words and expressions.
4. (Show some pictures on the screen and ask some students to perform the actions.)
e.g. T: What are you doing?
S: I am doing homework. (Help him/her to answer)
T: What is he /she doing?
Ss: He /she is doing homework.
Teach: watching TV, cleaning, reading a book, eating dinner, talking on the phone...as the same way.
5. Work on 1a. Ss read the activities and look at the pictures. Then match the activities with pictures.
6. Check the answers with the Ss.
Ⅲ. Game (guess)
1. T: Now let's play a game. What's she/he doing? You must watch the big screen carefully.
(Show some pictures on the big screen quickly) Let Ss guess what's he/she is doing?
2. Ss watch and guess the actions.
3. Ask and answer about the pictures.
—What's he/she doing?
—He's/She's …
Ⅳ. Listening
1. T: What are Jenny, John, Dave and Mary doing? Now let’s listen to the tape, find out the right activities from 1a.
2. Play the recording for the Ss twice.
3. Ss listen to the recording and write the numbers from 1a.
Ⅴ. Pair work
1. Ask the Ss to read the conversations in 1c with a partner. Then look at the pictures in 1a. And conversations about other person in the picture.
2. Ss make conversations by themselves and practice the conversations.
Ⅵ. Listening
1. Work on 2a;
T: Jack and Steve are talking on the phone. What are they doing now? Listen to the conversations and match the answers with the questions.
(Play the recording for the first time, students only listen carefully. Then, listen to the recording again, and match the answers with the questions. )
Check the answers.
2. Work on 2b.
Let Ss read the conversation in 2b first. Then play the recording for the Ss twice.
The first time Ss only listen and write down the words in the blanks. Then play the recording again for the Ss to check the answers. (If necessary, press the Pause button to help.)
Ⅶ. Pair work
1. Now, role-play the conversation with your partners.
2. Let some pairs to act out the conversation in front of the class.
Ⅷ. Role-play
1. Ask Ss to read the conversation in 2d and answer the questions below.
① Are Jenny and Laura talking on the phone?
(Yes, they are.)
② What's Laura doing now?
(She's washing her clothes.)
③ What's Jenny doing?
(She's watching TV.)
④ When do they meet at Jenny's home?
(At half past six.)
2. Ss read the conversation and answer the questions above.
3. Check the answers with the Ss.
4. Let Ss work in pairs and role-play the conversation.
Homework:
1. Review the words and expressions in this period.
2. Understand the knowledge about the present progressive tense.
3. Make five sentences on what are you doing now.
高中英語寫作課程教案篇2
教學(xué)內(nèi)容:
This lesson is about Module 7 Unit 1 “This dog can help him.” of New Standard English, Book 9. This lesson is for the students of Grade Five.
教學(xué)目標(biāo):
1、Knowledge aims:
a. To enable students to master and use these new words : blind , special.
b. To enable students to master the usage of “can” .
c. To enable students to use the target sentences correctly : This dog can help him . Can Fifi help the blind people ? No , he can’t . He only wants to play .
2、Ability aims:
a. Talking about abilities with “can” , “can’t ” and know the objective case.
b. To improve students’ language ability.
3、Emotion aims:
a. To encourage students to cooperate with the others , help each other and learn from each other.
b. To educate students to protect animals and help disabled people .
教學(xué)重點(diǎn):
To master and use the new words , sentence pattern and the usage of “can”。
教學(xué)難點(diǎn):
To use the sentence patterns to talk about ability.
教學(xué)準(zhǔn)備:
cards , CD-ROM, CAI, task-paper, tape—recorder.
教學(xué)過程:
Step1. Warming up
1、Greeting.
2、Please sing a song and do the actions.
3、Look and say some phrases more .
4、Free talk. What can you do ? Or what can’t you do?
Step 2. Presentation
Dear boys and girls, Do you love animals?
We can see some dogs and cats in our life. What can they do ?
Today we’ll learn Module 7 Unit 1. ( Write on the blackboard)
Step 3. Practice
1、Listen to the text and try to answer the questions:
Q1: How many dogs are there in the text? Answer the question------2 dogs.
2、Show Ss by PPT:Look at this dog. Is this dog lovely? It’s a pet dog. Its name is Fifi. Look at the other one.
Is it lovely? It is very special. Learn special(Pay attention to the pronunciation of “e”)
3、Show Ss a picture of blind people by PPT and ask “What’s the matter with this man ?”Learn blind
4、Who can help him? Look! This dog can help him. (Write on the blackboard.) Learn the target sentence. (Read in the different ways. ) Pay attention to “ him”。
Learn the usage of objective case . Then do a practice .
a. My mum is ill. I will help__. (she her)
b. Who can help __? ( I me)
c. The boy is cute. Dad bought a pen for___. (him he)
d. These are blind people. But Fifi can’t help_____. (they them)
5、Listen again and circle “can, can’t” . Answer the question:
Q2:Can Fifi help the blind people?
6、Learn the sentences: Can Fifi help the blind people? No, he can’t. / Yes, he can. (read in pairs )
Fifi is a pet dog. So he only wants to play. Read this sentence.
Pay attention to “wants”。 (Learn the third person singular of the simple present tense.)
Read the target sentences on the blackboard. Let’s sum up the usage of “ can ”。
7、Development activities : read these sentences and feel the usage of the original form of verbs.
a. Let’s see.
b. I will go to school tomorrow.
c. He is going to swim.
d. I want to drink water.
8、Listen to the text and repeat.
9、Read in roles. Learn TV presenter.(畢福劍) Who wants to be Lingling/ Amy/ TV presenter?
Step 4. Production
1、Dogs are very clever. What about the other animals? Let’s see. Try to say“ This… can/ can’t…”
2、Guessing game. Try to say “ This…can/can’t…” Guess “ Can...?”
3、Do some practice. (Task paper)
4、Reading practice : There is a TV show.
This is the TV presenter---- little pig. Please read and complete.
5、Talk about your pet . What’s your favourite animals ?
Please talk about your pet.
Step 5. Summary and homework
1、Sum up:What have we learned today?
2、Homework:
Copy the key words and the target sentences for 3 times.
Write a passage about your pet.
3、There are many disabled people in our life. Let’s have a look. Show them some pictures of disabled people who named TaiLihua, Yangguang, LiuWei and PingYali etc.
They are broken in health but not in spirit .
4、Learn English proverbs:
a. Broken in health but not in spirit.
b. Be the useful to the society.
板書設(shè)計(jì):
Module 7 Unit 1 This dog can help him.
special Can Fifi help the blind people?
blind No, he can’t. Yes, he can.
He only wants to play.
高中英語寫作課程教案篇3
教學(xué)目標(biāo):
1. Knowledge aim
Learning the new words and sentences just like angry/frightened/happy/proud/sad/shy/tired/The boy feels sorry/The girl feels sad /The boy is angry/The boy is proud /The girl feels shy/The boy feels frightened/The boy is tired/The girl is happy and so on.
2. Ability aim
Improve the students Oral English and let students know something about expressing feelings.
Let the students can make communication with each other.
3. Moral aim
We must attend the class seriously.
重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn):
Expressions and sentences
教法提示:
Reading. /Listening. /Talking. /Singing.
Play Games. Making actions.
教學(xué)準(zhǔn)備:
Some cards. CAI. Some objects.
教學(xué)過程:
Step1
Learn Part D: Let us write
Step2
Do the exercises and check the answers.
Step3
Let’s have fun.
Step4
Watch VCD.
高中英語寫作錯(cuò)誤分析及成功對(duì)策_(dá)英語教學(xué)論文??學(xué)生也普遍反映英文書面表達(dá)難,到底難在哪里?為此筆者采用往屆高考書面表達(dá)原題對(duì)所代95屆兩個(gè)高中班學(xué)生進(jìn)行測(cè)試調(diào)查,評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、時(shí)間限制和高考類同。隨后對(duì)答卷錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行了分析統(tǒng)計(jì)。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生在有關(guān)英語謂語的時(shí)態(tài)、語氣、動(dòng)詞詞義辯析和句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面的錯(cuò)誤占到大約42%之多,拼寫單詞錯(cuò)誤約占25%,名詞、代詞和冠詞類的錯(cuò)誤占15%,介詞和關(guān)連詞使用不當(dāng)占8%左右,形容詞、副詞和其它方面錯(cuò)誤占9%多點(diǎn)。評(píng)講后學(xué)生感到書面表達(dá)短文內(nèi)容所用詞語和結(jié)構(gòu)不難,很容易理解,就是當(dāng)時(shí)自己想不起來,寫不好。結(jié)合統(tǒng)計(jì)分析結(jié)果及學(xué)生評(píng)講后的整體感受和部分外語程度中上的學(xué)生進(jìn)行了個(gè)別面對(duì)面的交談?dòng)懻?,發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生英語書面表達(dá)的主要困難有:?1、漢語謂語無字形變化,而英語謂語變化多、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣的語法概念和英語動(dòng)詞變化之間的關(guān)系,寫作應(yīng)用起來不明確不熟練,加之英漢在動(dòng)詞意義上有差別,用英語寫作時(shí)就很容易出錯(cuò)。顯然這是以漢語為母語,英語為第二語言學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生在謂語、動(dòng)詞學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)用中出現(xiàn)的負(fù)遷移。有必要反其道而行之,加強(qiáng)英語謂語動(dòng)詞變化的訓(xùn)練以矯枉過正。?2、英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)以動(dòng)詞為中心各有特定的搭配,學(xué)生在寫作時(shí)感到缺乏表達(dá)思想的語感。經(jīng)常有漢英翻譯詞對(duì)字硬譯的現(xiàn)象,加之英漢兩種語言在文化思維方面語言表達(dá)有相當(dāng)?shù)牟町?,也造成英語書面表達(dá)的一定困難。要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生英語表達(dá)的語感必須加強(qiáng)平時(shí)口頭和筆頭整句表達(dá)習(xí)慣的建立和聽力理解。?3、從生理和心理方面看,高中學(xué)生已相對(duì)成熟,而他們所能用的英語語言在英語的書面表達(dá)上就是想說的話很多,意思也很好,使用的語言形式卻詞不達(dá)意,錯(cuò)誤百出,為此要盡可能使學(xué)生接觸大量和他們生理發(fā)展相適應(yīng)的英語語言材料,以便于他們吸收豐富自己的英語知識(shí)。?4、書面表達(dá)單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤占了一定的比例,說明學(xué)生英語詞匯的記憶準(zhǔn)確熟練程度不夠。有的學(xué)生反映說有的單詞很熟練,不知怎么回事書面表達(dá)時(shí)就寫錯(cuò)了,看來從記憶單詞到筆頭運(yùn)用還需要一個(gè)過程,這個(gè)過程是一個(gè)吸收理解記憶反復(fù)運(yùn)用的慢功夫。?以上學(xué)生英語書面表達(dá)中的錯(cuò)誤和困難,提示了解決這一難題的可能途徑和方向。?一、滴水穿石?俗話說“千里之行始于足下”。英語書面的表達(dá)能力的形成不是一日之功,也不是一周兩月之功,必須從平時(shí)的課堂教學(xué)一點(diǎn)一滴抓起,持之以恒,滴水穿石,才有可能最后解決英語書面表達(dá)的難題。?高中英語課堂以課文教學(xué)為主,結(jié)合課文教學(xué)抓住學(xué)生英語書面表達(dá)的難點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵——謂語動(dòng)詞語義比較語法形式變化,采取多種形式進(jìn)行寫作的基本訓(xùn)練,是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生英語書面表達(dá)能力的主要手段之一。具體做法是:①課文的詞匯教學(xué),不局限于照本宣章,而是結(jié)合英語的構(gòu)詞,同義反義比較,名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)詞義的區(qū)別,加強(qiáng)學(xué)生對(duì)英語詞形變化的理解,擴(kuò)充他們的詞匯量,鼓勵(lì)他們口筆頭造句,借此培養(yǎng)學(xué)生用完整句子表意的能力。②課文教學(xué)的過程讀、寫、聽、說交替。一般聽說在先,讀寫在后。針對(duì)寫作訓(xùn)練的聽、說、讀、寫要注意材料內(nèi)容的語言形式和課文內(nèi)容的語言形式要有適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓驼w的系統(tǒng)性,以課文內(nèi)容的提問為例,教師提問用的詞語結(jié)構(gòu)和課文內(nèi)容相關(guān),但和課文語言所用詞語要有適當(dāng)?shù)牟町?,使學(xué)生稍加思考能夠理解,為學(xué)生同樣意思多種英語近似表達(dá)形式添磚加瓦,積累材料,在不知不覺中了解掌握更多的英語語句表達(dá)方法。③指導(dǎo)學(xué)生就課文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)句短寫,短句詳寫的口筆頭練習(xí),幫助學(xué)生熟練掌握英語中常用動(dòng)詞句子的結(jié)構(gòu)變化,單句和復(fù)句的異同關(guān)鍵所在。使用頻率高,結(jié)構(gòu)變化較多的英語常用動(dòng)詞如Wishhopeexpect之類的動(dòng)詞要經(jīng)常反復(fù)采用不同形式練習(xí),幫助學(xué)生熟練掌握常用動(dòng)詞句子結(jié)構(gòu)和詞義區(qū)別,逐步在心理上樹立用英語造句達(dá)意的信心和習(xí)慣。④有時(shí)結(jié)合課文,有時(shí)另外補(bǔ)充材料,采用各種形式指導(dǎo)學(xué)生改寫、縮寫或連詞完成短文或填詞完成短文。?然而英語課文教學(xué)中所進(jìn)行的以上寫作訓(xùn)練指導(dǎo)并不解決英語書面表達(dá)的全部,這一過程主要抓住英語動(dòng)詞和單復(fù)句的變化,少而精地進(jìn)行英語書面表達(dá)的基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練,為培養(yǎng)學(xué)生扎實(shí)的語言書面表達(dá)能力還需要廣泛的多而雜的英文閱讀。?二、蓄勢(shì)待發(fā)?“讀書破萬卷,下筆如有神”。這句話生動(dòng)說明了書面表達(dá)和廣泛閱讀的關(guān)系。世界著名的外語教學(xué)理論家美國人StephenKrashen在其1993年出版的教學(xué)理論力作《Power?of?Reading——Insight?from?the?research》中指出外語學(xué)習(xí)過程中①外語書讀的多的人,其讀寫能力比讀書量少的人強(qiáng)。②第二語言的閱讀量和語言的習(xí)得之間有肯定的關(guān)系。研究表明,正確指導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀是解決詞匯問題和迅速提高第二語言的有效必由之路。讀書和寫作就好比輸入和輸出,沒有足夠的輸入吸收是不可能有大量的輸出的。?高中學(xué)生英語詞匯量有限,各科作業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)沉重,英語閱讀必須考慮內(nèi)容、難易適當(dāng),時(shí)間上盡可能不給他們加重額外負(fù)擔(dān)。經(jīng)過比較選擇,采用省高校出版社發(fā)行的“高中英語泛讀教程”為主,國家級(jí)刊物“高中英語畫刊”和全國發(fā)行的“中學(xué)生英文報(bào)”和“英語輔導(dǎo)報(bào)”為輔。這幾種閱讀材料內(nèi)容廣泛,語言生動(dòng),體裁多樣,文章長(zhǎng)短適宜,很受學(xué)生們的歡迎。時(shí)間安排平時(shí)利用早自習(xí)限時(shí)完成,以每分鐘50到100個(gè)單詞計(jì)算閱讀量,高三年級(jí)每周用兩節(jié)課的時(shí)間專門用于學(xué)生自己自由閱讀英文雜志和報(bào)刊,老師個(gè)別指導(dǎo)解答問題,一般經(jīng)過兩學(xué)期到三學(xué)期的堅(jiān)持閱讀,學(xué)生們就會(huì)感到英語常用詞的基本詞義和情景有很大提高。動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)和變換也比較熟悉和習(xí)慣了,實(shí)際上學(xué)生已在不知不覺充滿樂趣地完成了英語詞匯的鞏固強(qiáng)化這個(gè)艱巨任務(wù),為用英語進(jìn)行書面表達(dá)積累了必需的詞語、句式和背景方面的材料。學(xué)生進(jìn)行英語閱讀時(shí)是否積極主動(dòng),滿懷熱情,對(duì)于語言材料的理解和吸收影響極大,若是抱著完成老師作業(yè)的態(tài)度讀書,就可能出現(xiàn)和尚念經(jīng)有口無心,前面看過,后面忘光的現(xiàn)象。因此,僅僅為學(xué)生選擇適宜有趣的讀物和安排一定的時(shí)間還不夠,教師要想法在指導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀的過程中激發(fā)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)外語的興趣,增強(qiáng)學(xué)生學(xué)外語的自信心,形成良好正確閱讀外文材料的習(xí)慣,基本的做法是經(jīng)常讓學(xué)生個(gè)別地在自己的同學(xué)面前理解,成功地完成有適當(dāng)難度的英語閱讀問題,老師及時(shí)給以鼓勵(lì)。?三、提綱挈領(lǐng)?英語書面表達(dá)的綜合訓(xùn)練要提綱挈領(lǐng)是相對(duì)省時(shí)有效的方法。尤其高三畢業(yè)班時(shí)間緊,復(fù)習(xí)量大,更是如此。這里的“綱”指的是教學(xué)大綱和考試綱要說明要求學(xué)生掌握的重要語法概念和書面表達(dá)各種不同文體及要求。這里的“領(lǐng)”是說書面表達(dá)訓(xùn)練過
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